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Faro is the capital of the Algarve. As the
largest, busiest and one of the oldest of the region's towns, it is
concerned mostly with the serious business of provincial administration,
trade and commerce. Faro
is the southernmost city of Portugal, lying on the Atlantic coast near
Cape Santa Maria. It
is
the administrative centre for the whole of the Algarve region with a
population in excess of 40.000 thousand people.
Held by the
Moors from early in the 8th century until 1249, the city was the last
Moorish stronghold in Portugal.
During the 500 years
occupation there were some Jewish
inhabitants in Faro
who were busily printing copies of the Old
Testament. The
English sacked it in 1596 on their journey to the Holy
Land and the collection of books taken from the palace of the Bishop
of Faro became part of the Bodlean
Library in Oxford, England.
The city
has both Arab and Roman ruins but most of the present attractive older buildings were
constructed after the disastrous earthquake of 1755 and the earlier one of
1532.
Judging by what archaeologists find the Romans were a clean and
holy lot. The ruins at Milreu near Estoi to the north of Faro
include a bathhouse and a temple. The pagan temple is unusual since it
dates from the 4th century AD when many Romans were already converted to
Christianity. This was a large villa, which must have belonged to a
wealthy family. There are mosaic pavements including one showing fish with
very curious faces. For a long time this was thought to be the site of the
Roman city of Ossonoba. But spectacular discoveries beneath the city
of Faro have shown that Ossonoba occupied the same coastal site as
today’s city. Ossonoba was important enough to have its own mint
where coins were struck.
Today Faro’s primary economic activity is
Agriculture, and it exports fish, wine, sumac (for tanning), and fruit.
The district is also popular with tourists because of its mild climate,
fine beaches, and Moorish-looking towns. Henry the Navigator chose the
district as a base for his expeditions in the 15th century, which sailed
from ports near Faro city.
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