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Kristiansand is situated in the south westernmost end of the Bamble linear belt in the Proterozoic gneiss region of southern Norway.

Founded by and named after Christian IV, Kristiansand is the closest thing to a seaside resort in Norway. It has received the city rights in 1641. As a capital of south Norway, Kristiansand houses both state and regional administration. 

The oldest skating club in the world 'Oddersja Skiog Skoytekkebb' was founded here in 1875.

In 1660 the Christiansholm fortress, now a tourist site, was built. Christian intended the town to be a leading commercial metropolis, but it remained relatively unimportant until the late 19^th century. It is now a busy transportation centre and probably the most important town on the Oslo-Stavanger rail line (opened 1938).

It provides ocean freight service to numerous European and American ports and a car ferry across the Skagerrak to Hirtshals, Den. Kjevik Airport, northeast of the town, has direct flights to the principal cities of Norway and to Copenhagen. An important industrial centre, Kristiansand has shipyards, textile mills, and metal- and wood-processing plants. Food processing (flour and fish) is also significant. Pop. (1992 est.) mun., 66,398.

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