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The settlement of  was probably first situated in the area of the today's upper city. A local gentleman, who called himself the Count of Tübingen, established the first castle around 1050 in the place of the lock. The castle is mentioned in writing for the first time to the year 1078. Later on, the Tübinger count rose to one of the most powerful families in the southwest of the realm (seals of the Pfalzgrafen of Tübingen). Before 1146 he acquired office and became a Pfalzgrafen (deputy of the duke).

Tübingen, which was situated in the centre of its numerous possessions, developed at an energetic pace. With the reconstruction after a large city fire (1280) the medieval Tübingen already achieved a size that was not exceeded until the 1900’s. After the reconstruction from the fire a system of channels, which branches 4 km around the city, was developed mainly for the use of the mills and craftsmen (Gerber and Färber) but also served the town cleaning.

With the fall of the Stauffer in the 1300’s and the economic and political fall of the Pfalzgrafen 1342, the city was sold to the counts of Württemberg. However, within the new territory Tübingen played an important role. Regarding its number of inhabitants and resources it was the second largest city of the region after Stuttgart. The influence of Tübingen on other cities in the region continued to grow in the form of judicial courts. After the collection of the county to the duchy (1495), Tübingen received the honorary title "The second largest and residence city " and In 1811 King Friedrich he called Tübingen " our good city ". Further honour (from the Duke’s faithful actions during the farmer rebellion) came in 1514 when the Württemberg Courts moved to Tübingen and the city obtained the right to have special delegate for the country.

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