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Nesebar - History |
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Circa
1452 Nesebar falls under Ottoman yoke and the fortress walls are
demolished. During the Bulgarian National Revival the town is revived
anew. Develops as a fishing and vine-growing centre. Since antiquity to
the present day there have been preserved sections of the fortress wall,
towers, a gate, sanctuaries, inscriptions, reliefs. Remarkable sites of
Nesebar are its medieval churches. In the past these were more than 40,
but only a few are still standing. Early Christian are basilicas, most
famous
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The
old quarter of the town, situated on Nesebar peninsula and linked to the
mainland by a narrow neck of land; declared an architectural and
archaeological reserve. North and south of the peninsula there stretch
beach strips covered with the finest sand along the Black Sea coast. To
the north these are linked with the beaches of Sunny Beach. Nesebar is one
of the oldest towns in Bulgaria. Ancient polis Mesambria appears in 6 c.
BC in place of a Thracian settlement Melsabria (2nd - 1st millennium BC).
Invaded by the Romans (1 c. BC), conquered by khan Kroum in 812 and
annexed to the Bulgarian state. Efflorescence as a sea port and cultural
centre reached under king Ivan Alexander (1331 - 1371).
among these - the Old Bishopric. The construction and plastic
decorative peculiarities of Nesebar churches dating back to 10 - 14 c.,
sets them apart in a separate group, characteristic with the picturesque
design of facades. Mural ornamentation of each church constitutes unique
harmony of stone, red brick, multicoloured ceramic rosettes and circular
plates. Cross-dome churches are represented by "St. Ivan Krustitel"
church (10 - 11 c.), "St. Arhangeli Mihail I Gavrail" (13 c.),
"Pantokrator" (14 c.) and "St. Ivan Neosveteni" (14
c.). Single-nave are "St. Todor" and "St. Paraskeva"
churches, "St. Stephen" church is a basilica (New Bishopric).
In
1958 archaeological excavations uncover a medieval golden treasure of
adornments which is kept in the historical museum of Bourgas. The
Bulgarian National Revival architectural ensemble encompasses some 60
houses, picturesquely overhanging narrow cobbled streets. Architectural
design is typical of the Black Sea coast house - stone basement, panelled upper floor, numerous bay windows, supported by corbels. Of greater
interest are the houses of Mouskoyani, captain Pavel, Bogatova house,
Rousieva house, and others. A historical museum with branches -
archaeological exposition in "St. Ivan Krustitel" church. A
Turkish bath (18 - 19 c.) and 3 windmills are still preserved. The old
town is included in the list of monuments of world cultural and natural
heritage compiled at UNESCO.
